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Steel is an alloy consisting mostly iron. Depending on the grade it contains
between 0.2% and 2.1% of carbon that is the most cost-effective alloying
material.
Apart of carbon, there are various other alloying elements used (manganese,
chromium, vanadium, and tungsten). Carbon and other elements act as a
hardening agent. Varying the amount of alloying elements in the steel
controls the hardness, ductility, and tensile strength of the
resulting steel. Steel with higher content of carbon is less ductile but
can be made harder and stronger than iron. These alloys are known as
cast iron for their lower melting point and castability.
Two distinguishing factors for steel with small amount of carbon are steel's
increased rust-resistance and better weldability.
Steel is one of the most common materials and is a major component in
buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, and
appliances.
Name
Heavy rail
Specification
38、43、45、50、60、75A、75R、90A、100A、UIC54
Steel grade
U71Mn、U71、U71Cu、U70MnSi、U71MnSiCu、BS11、UIC900A
Technical standard
GB2585-81 BS11-85 TB/T2344-93 Q/WG（DX）01-85 UIC860
Typical usage
Railway
Name
Rail for crane
Specification
QU80
Steel grade
U71Mn
Technical standard
YB/T5055-93
Typical usage
Crane
Name
I-beam
Specification
16、18、20、22、25
Steel
Name
Round steel
Specification
φ75-130
Steel grade
Q235、45#
Technical standard
GB704-88 GB702-96 GB699-88 Q/WG（DX）03-79
Typical usage
Axle, steel ball
Name
Flat steel
Specification
150×25 180×20
Steel grade
Q235
Technical standard
GB704-88 GB700-88 Q/WG（DX）04-86
Typical usage
Railway
Name
Fiat bulb steel
Specification
20、22
Steel grade
A、B
Name
Mine I-beam
Specification
工11、工12
Steel grade
Q275、Q345
Technical standard
YB2006-78 YB/T5047-93 Q/WG（DX）07-87
Typical usage
Tunnel propping and protecting
Name
Low carbon steel wire ob product by twistless hot-rolled with controlled cooling
Specification
φ5.5-φ20
Steel grade
Q195、Q215、Q235、SWRM6、SWRM8、SWRM10、SAE1006
Technical standard
GB/T14981-94 YB4027-91 ZBH44001-88 ASTMA510-91 GB/T701-1997 JISG3505-1980
Typical usage
Zn-,Cu-,and Cr- coating wire drawing, civilian construction
Name
Carbon steel wire rod by twistless hot-rolled controlled cooling for welding electrode
Specification
φ5.5-φ10
Steel grade
H08A、H08C、H08MnSiCuCrNi、H08Mn2SiA WQ-1、WQ-2、WQ-3
Technical standard
GB/T3429-94 GB/T14981-94 WJX（DX）
Typical usage
Welding rod of electric arc electrode for industry, communication and shipbuilding purposes
Name
Cold heading steel wire rod by twistless hot-rolled controlled cooling
Specification
φ5.5-φ20
Steel grade
ML10-ML45 SWRCH6A
Technical standard
GB/T14981-94 GB6478-86 JISG3507-1991