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Steel is an alloy consisting mostly iron. Depending on the grade it contains
between 0.2% and 2.1% of carbon that is the most cost-effective alloying
material.
Apart of carbon, there are various other alloying elements used (manganese,
chromium, vanadium, and tungsten). Carbon and other elements act as a
hardening agent. Varying the amount of alloying elements in the steel
controls the hardness, ductility, and tensile strength of the
resulting steel. Steel with higher content of carbon is less ductile but
can be made harder and stronger than iron. These alloys are known as
cast iron for their lower melting point and castability.
Two distinguishing factors for steel with small amount of carbon are steel's
increased rust-resistance and better weldability.
Steel is one of the most common materials and is a major component in
buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, and
appliances.
Plate Making Mill
Name
Structural plate for shipbuilding
Grade
σs=235Mpa A, B, C, D, E
σs=315MPaA, D, E
σs=355MPaA, D, E
Standard
CCS, LR, GL, BV, ABS, DNV, GB712
Name
DIN
QSTE340TM QSTE500TM
JIS
SAPH310 SAPH340
Name
DIN
19Mn6,HI,HII
JIS
SB72 SB49
GB
16Mng
Name
DIN
A,B,C
JIS
A,B,C
GB
A,B,C
Name
API
X42-X70
varieties
grain-oriented magnetic steel strip (film)
Grade
27QC95-27QG130 30QG100-30QG130 35QG125-35QG135
27Q120-27Q140 30Q120-30Q180 35Q135-35Q185
DG3-DG7
large motor
large transformer
small and medium-sized transformers
regulator
and Magnetic Amplifier Reactor
IF transformer
Transformers
Transformer TV
Radio transformer
Name Specification (mm) length standard grades
Hot-rolled ribbed steel bars 10-50 HRB335, HRB400 GB1499-1998 6-12
Round 10-50
Q195-255
45 # -80 #
ML10, ML20, ML40 40Cr, 20CrMo
GB700-88
GB699-88
GB6478-86
GB3077-88
GB13013-91 GB702-86 6-12
Iron bar 16-50 WDT0, WDT4 WJX [BC] 01-2001 6-12
Bearing Steel 12-50 GCr15 GB/T18254-2000 6-12
standards:
China Classification Society and welding materials - China Classification Society (CCS)
Det Norske Veritas (DNV) specification - Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LR) specification - UK Lloyd's Register (LR)
Lloyd's Register in Germany (GL) specification - Germany, Lloyds Register of Shipping (GL)
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) specification - American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
Bureau Veritas (BV) norm - Bureau Veritas (BV)
Italian classification society (RINA) norms - the Italian classification society (RINA)
Classification Society of Japan (NK) norms - the Japanese classification society (NK)
GB/T5312-- China's national standards
use:
for the boilers and superheaters and I,II-level pressure piping used in manufacturing seamless steel tubes.
produce steel grades:
320,360,410,460,490, etc.
Tolerance:
steel types
diameter (D)
standards:
GB/T8163-- China's national standards
use:
for the transmission fluid seamless steel tubes used in general
The main production steel grades:
10,20, Q345, etc.
Tolerance:
steel types
diameter (D)
pipe wall thickness (S)
tube cold-drawing
pipe outside diameter (mm)
allow deviation (mm)
pipe wall thickness (mm)
allow deviation (mm)
> 30 ~ 50
± 0.3
≤ 30
± 10%
> 50 ~ 219
± 0.8%
mechanical properties:
standards
Grade
tensile strength (MPa)
yield strength (MPa)
elongation (%)
GB/T8163
10
335 ~ 475
≥ 205
≥
standards:
GB3087 - China National Institute of Standards
GB5310 - China National Institute of Standards
ASME SA210 - American Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
ASME SA213 - American Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
DIN17175 - the industry standard the Federal Republic of Germany
use:
for low and medium pressure boiler (generally not more than the working pressure 5.88Mpa, operating temperature at 450 ℃ or less) of heating surface tubes; for high-pressure boiler (pressure 9.8Mpa or more generally, the working temperature of 450 ℃ ~ between 650 ℃) of heating surface tubes, economizer, superheater, reheater, petrochemical and other industrial control.
produce steel grades:
10,20,20 G, 20MnG, 25MnG, 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, 12Cr1MoVG, 12Cr2MoWVTiB, 10Cr9Mo1VNb, SA210A1, SA210C, SA213 T11, SA213 T12, SA213 T22, SA213 T23, SA213 T91, SA213 T92, ST45.8 / Ⅲ , 15Mo3, 13CrMo44, 10CrMo910, etc.
Tolerance:
steel types
standards:
API SPEC 5CT - the standard American Petroleum Institute
use:
for oil well casing and tubing with the seamless steel pipe
produce steel grades:
J55, K55, N80, L80, P110, etc.
Tolerance:
steel types
diameter (D)
wall thickness (S)
pipe cold drawing
pipe outside diameter (mm)
allow deviation (mm)
allow deviation (mm)
<114.3
± 0.79
-12.5%
≥ 114.3
-0.5%, +1%
mechanical properties:
standards
Grade
tensile strength (MPa)
yield strength (MPa)
elongation (%)
hardness
API SPEC 5CT
J55
≥ 517
379 ~ 552
table
standards:
API SPEC 5L - American Petroleum Institute standards
GB/T9711.2-- China's national standards
use:
for the oil and gas industry of oxygen, water, oil pipeline
The main production steel grades:
B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70
Tolerance:
steel types
pipe outside diameter (D)
pipe wall thickness (S)
tube
pipe outside diameter (mm)
allow deviation (mm)
pipe outside diameter (mm)
allow deviation (mm)
≥ 60.3 and S <20
± 0.75%
≤ 73.0
+15%, -12.5%
≥ 60.3 and S ≥ 20
± 1.00%
> 73.0 and S <20
+15%, -12.5%
> 73.0 and S ≥ 20
+17.5%